Learning
Patterns
02

Small words

Most people know these words. Few use them right — yet they're what gives a sentence its tone.

just

spokenjust + … (several senses)

One little word, several senses: „a moment ago” (I just arrived), „only” (just a coffee), „simply” (just do it). Tone and position decide.

Examples
  • I've just finished.
    PLWłaśnie skończyłem.
  • It's just a misunderstanding.
    PLTo tylko nieporozumienie.
  • Just let me know.
    PLPo prostu daj mi znać.

still

spokenstill + verb (continuing)

Something is continuing longer than expected — and still hasn't stopped. Usually before the main verb.

Examples
  • She still lives in Madrid.
    PLOna wciąż mieszka w Madrycie.
  • Are you still there?
    PLJesteś tam jeszcze?
  • I still haven't heard back.
    PLWciąż nie dostałem odpowiedzi.
Common mistake

I still didn't finish.I still haven't finished.

With „still” about something ongoing up to now, use the present perfect negative: „I still haven't finished”. „Still” + past simple sounds incomplete.

yet

spoken… yet (questions & negatives)

About something expected that hasn't happened so far. Goes at the end, in questions and negatives.

Examples
  • Have you eaten yet?
    PLJadłeś już?
  • I haven't decided yet.
    PLJeszcze się nie zdecydowałem.
  • We're not ready yet.
    PLJeszcze nie jesteśmy gotowi.

already

spokenalready + … (sooner than expected)

Something has happened sooner than you thought — often with a note of surprise. Usually mid-sentence.

Examples
  • I've already seen it.
    PLJuż to widziałem.
  • Is it 6 already?
    PLJuż szósta?
  • She's already left.
    PLJuż wyszła.

even

spokeneven + … (surprising extreme)

Stresses something surprising or extreme — „even”. Sits right before the word it highlights.

Examples
  • Even the kids enjoyed it.
    PLNawet dzieci się bawiły.
  • He didn't even say goodbye.
    PLNawet się nie pożegnał.
  • It's open even on Sundays.
    PLOtwarte nawet w niedziele.

quite

spokenquite + adjective (fairly / completely)

In British English usually „fairly” (quite good = pretty good). Before absolute words it means „completely” (quite right = absolutely right).

Examples
  • The film was quite good.
    PLFilm był całkiem niezły.
  • You're quite right.
    PLMasz zupełną rację.
  • It's quite a long way.
    PLTo dość daleko.
Common mistake

a quite long wayquite a long way

With „a”, the order flips: „quite a long way”, not „a quite long way”.

rather

spokenrather + adjective (negative tilt)

„Fairly / rather”, but with a slightly negative or unexpected tilt — „rather cold” sounds more critical than „quite cold”.

Examples
  • It's rather cold today.
    PLDziś jest dość zimno.
  • That's rather expensive.
    PLTo dość drogie.
  • I'm rather tired.
    PLJestem raczej zmęczony.
Don't confuse with „I'd rather” →

actually

spokenactually + … (correcting / surprising)

Introduces a correction or something contrary to expectation — „actually, in fact”. Note: it does not mean „currently”.

Examples
  • Actually, I'd prefer tea.
    PLWłaściwie wolałbym herbatę.
  • It's actually quite easy.
    PLTo tak naprawdę całkiem proste.
  • She's actually from Spain.
    PLOna właściwie jest z Hiszpanii.
Common mistake

Actually, I work from home.Currently, I work from home.

If you mean „at present”, use „currently” or „at the moment”. „Actually” means „in fact” — a classic false friend.